Aqua Studio Mithakhali, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Scientific name: Symphysodon aequifasciata zebra Common name: Zebra discus Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 13 - 15 cm (5.12 - 5.91 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 5.5 - 7.5 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 0 - 8°N (0 - 142.86ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 27 - 30 °C (80.6 - 86°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels The discus is described as the king of the aquarium. They are spherical in shape and fairly flat as compared to other cichlids. All species listed exist in different colour variants. Discus fish may be kept on their own in a species tank, or with other docile companions. They should not be kept with fish that have a pugnacious tendency or fast moving fish. The discus requires a large aquarium with efficient filtration, good water quality and frequent water changes. Discus fish generally need a high protein diet including a good quality flake/pellet, bloodworms, brine shrimp, mosquito larvae. Discus should be kept in groups of five or more for their personalities to develop.Discuses are easily bred and may take to spawning after having paired off and matured sexually. They should be provided with a spawning cone. The discus makes a devoted parent and tend to their young. The young feed off secretions from the skin of their parents.©Stokes(2005)Picture Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk

Scientific name: Tilapia buttikoferi Common name: Zebra cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 28 - 31 cm (11.02 - 12.2 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.5 - 7.3 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 16°N (71.43 - 285.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 25 °C (71.6 - 77°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Feed a varied diet of meaty and vegetable foods. Use a quality flake and vegetable based cichlid pellets, also treat with blood worms, brine shrimp, and chopped earth worms. Origin West Africa; Zebra cichlids are mostly found in Liberia. Sexing There are no visible differences between the sexes. Breeding Zebra cichlids are cave spawners so provide upturned plant pots or artificial caves to the breeding tank. The female will lay the eggs on the roof of the cave and tend for them while the male guards the territory. The eggs should hatch after 4-5 days and the fry will be free swimming 5-6 days later. At this stage they can be fed on newly hatched brine shr4imp. Lifespan The expected life span for Tilapia buttikoferi is 10 years. Short description Tilapia buttikoferi need to be kept in an aquarium of at least 75 gallons. They are fairly easy to keep but do require large, regular water changes as they are high waste producers. The Zebra Cichlid may be aggressive to smaller tank mates, always keep this fish with similar sized ones.Also know as Buttikoferi. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Nannacara adoketa Common name: Zebra acara Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 4 - 5 cm (1.57 - 1.97 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 5.8 - 6.6 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 2 - 7°N (35.71 - 125ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 21 - 26 °C (69.8 - 78.8°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding Zebra acara is not a fussy eater and will accept all foods offered. Use a quality flake or pellets for the staple diet but offer treats once or twice a week of brine shrimp or blood worms. Origin South America; Zebra acara is only found in the Rio Negro Basins of Brazil. Sexing Males will have elongated dorsal and anal fins, when breeding the markings on the male will darken. During this time the female will have a pinkish tinge on her body colouration. Breeding Zebra acara’s prefer to spawn in caves so either add rockwork or upturned plant pots to the breeding tank. The female will guard the eggs while the male defends the territory and 2 days later the eggs should hatch. About 4 days later the fry should be free swimming and can be fed on crushed flake or newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span of Nannacara adoketa is 5 years. Short description This species of cichlid is quite peaceful and can be included into a community tank. Use subdued lighting with the addition of plants; add bogwood to provide hiding places. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk

Scientific name: Geophagus pellegrini Common name: Yellowhump eartheater Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 14 - 16 cm (5.51 - 6.3 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 7 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 15°N (71.43 - 267.86ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 29 °C (73.4 - 84.2°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Use a quality flake or pellets for the staple diet, Yellowhump eartheaters will also relish treats of blood worms, brine shrimp and chopped earthworms. Origin South America; Yellowhump eartheaters are found in the river basins in Colombia. Sexing Males tend to be larger than the females and more colourful, they will also develop a nuchal hump when mature. Breeding Yellowhump eartheaters do not actually form pairs but the male will try to court several females at the same time. The female will clean the spawning site and lay her eggs one at a time. The male will then spread his sperm on the rock after the female has scooped up the initial eggs. Further eggs are then laid on the stone and the female will again scoop them up into her mouth, because of this process it is believed that the fertilisation actually takes place in the female’s mouth. The fry should be released after a week and will feed on newly hatched brine shrimp and crushed flake. Lifespan The expected life span for Geophagus pellegrini is 10-15 years. Short description A male should be housed with several females to prevent a solitary female being harassed. Always use a fine substrate in the tank as Geophagus pellegrini love digging through looking for titbits. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Buccochromis rhoadesii Common name: Yellow lepturus cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 33 - 35 cm (12.99 - 13.78 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7.1 - 8.4 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 9 - 30°N (160.71 - 535.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 27 °C (71.6 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Yellow lepturus cichlid is a very voracious eater and will compete for food all of the time. It will accept shrimp pellets, cichlid pellets and quality flake. Include some spirulina flake in the diet to keep the fish well conditioned. Origin Africa; Yellow lepturus cichlids are endemic to Lake Malawi. Sexing When mature, the males will be larger than the females with a more intense colouration, especially at spawning time. Breeding Not a great deal is known about the breeding habits of Buccochromis rhoadesii, it is believed to follow the same mouth brooding pattern as other Malawi cichlids. Lifespan The expected life span for Yellow lepturus cichlid is 10-12 years. Short description Yellow lepturus cichlid is very active and requires a lot of swimming space. It tends to stay at mid level in the tank only going into the rocks when startled.Keep them in big aquariums along with African cichlids of similar sizes. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk

Scientific name: Apistogramma borellii Common name: Yellow dwarf cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 6 - 7 cm (2.36 - 2.76 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 6.8 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 20°N (89.29 - 357.14ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 26 °C (73.4 - 78.8°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding Yellow dwarf cichlids are best fed on live and frozen foods. They will accept quality flakes but this should not be a major part of their diet. Origin South America; Yellow dwarf cichlids are to be found in the Amazon Basins of Brazil and Paraguay. Sexing Males will display more coloration and be larger than the females. They will also have extended dorsal and anal fins. In the aquarium some of the lesser males may display less coloration to avoid conflicts with the dominant male. Breeding One male should be housed with 3-4 females. The eggs will be laid in caves or upturned plant pots and the female will tend the eggs. The male will defend the territory from intruders, often with great vigor. Once the fry are free swimming, they can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Apistogramma borellii is 3-5 years. Short description Although Yellow dwarf cichlids are classed as a peaceful species, disputes may occur at spawning times. Hiding places should be included in the tank set up along with open swimming spaces.Apistogramma borellii is also known as Umbrella Cichlid. Pictures Thanks to Alberto Villarroya for pictures. Other pictures were bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Cichlasoma salvini Common name: Yellow belly cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 20 - 24 cm (7.87 - 9.45 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 8.1 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 7 - 25°N (125 - 446.43ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 27 °C (73.4 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding The Salvini Cichlid should accept all foods offered. Use a quality flake or cichlid pellets for the staple diet. Treats of blood worms, brine shrimp, mysis, and chopped earth worms will be readily accepted. Origin South America; Yellow belly cichlids are to be found in Belize, Guatemala, and Southern Mexico. Sexing Males will be more brightly coloured than the females and they will have extended finnage, the females will display a mark in the centre of the dorsal fin. Breeding The eggs will be laid on a prepared flat rock or stone that the parents have cleaned. The male will defend the territory, while the female tends the nest. The eggs should hatch a few days later and once the fry are free swimming, they can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Yellow belly cichlid is 10 years. Short description Hiding places need to be added to the tank, use wood or rocks to create these. Open swimming spaces should be left at the front and Cichlasoma salvini are renowned for not uprooting plants in the tank. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk. Also thanks to Jonathon Whipple.

Scientific name: Aequidens metae Common name: Yellow acara Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 11 - 13 cm (4.33 - 5.12 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.2 - 7 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 6 - 12°N (107.14 - 214.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Yellow acara’s will accept all foods, bloodworms should be offered as a treat but their staple diet should consist of quality flakes or cichlid pellets. Origin South America; Yellow acara’s are found in the Orinoco River basins. Sexing Yellow Acara are almost impossible to sex as juvenile fish. As the males mature, they will grow larger than the females and their dorsal fin will become extended. Mature females, although smaller than the males, will have a plumber body shape. Breeding These can be a difficult fish to breed. Lowering the water level and then filling up with warmer water may induce spawning. They are substrate spawners, add a flat surface to the tank, this will act as a spawning site. Both parents will protect the eggs which should hatch after 2-3 days. The fry can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Yellow acara is 12 years. Short description Yellow Acara have a peaceful disposition, they are good tank mates for fire mouths, convicts, and Severums.

Scientific name: Xenotilapia leptura Common name: N/A Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 9 - 11 cm (3.54 - 4.33 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7.2 - 7.8 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 13 - 18°N (232.14 - 321.43ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding In the wild, Xenotilapia leptura is an algae eater; reproduce this in the aquarium by feeding a high vegetable diet. Spirulina and lettuce, peas etc. are ideal. Occasional treats of Cyclops and Brine Shrimp should also be offered. Origin Africa; Xenotilapia leptura is found in Lake Tanganyika. Sexing There are no coloration differences, but the males tend to be slightly larger than the females. Breeding Xenotilapia leptura share the mouth brooding, the pair will separate from the group for spawning. The female will collect the eggs, but if there are too many the male will collect the rest. On most occasions, the female will do all of the initial brooding but after 17-20 days she will transfer the fry to the male. Even when the fry are released both parents will guard them. Lifespan The expected life span for Xenotilapia leptura is 15 years. Short description To control aggression, large numbers of these should be housed together. Fine sand should be added to the tank for a substrate along with plenty of rockwork. It is best to purchase a group of these fish initially and let them form their own pairs.This fish can be found as Asprotilapia leptura too.

Scientific name: Parachromis dovii Common name: Wolf cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 40 - 70 cm (15.75 - 27.56 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 8 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 12 - 18°N (214.29 - 321.43ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Central America Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding Wolf cichlids will initially only accept live foods but they can be taught too accept other foods like , commercial pellets etc. Some keepers give then a diet of feeder fish like the common young goldfish but this can run the risk of adding diseases into your tank. Origin This is a Central American cichlid, it can be found from Honduras, right down to Costa Rica. Sexing Males tend to have more extended fins with black dots on their heads. Females do not have these dots and there background color is more yellowish. Breeding Wolf cichlids reach maturity at about 5 inches in length. They may spawn on flat surfaces or in caves depending on the individual fish. Batches of 1500 eggs will be laid and after 5 days these should hatch. The fry will be free swimming a few days later and can be fed on brine shrimp. Be prepared to size the fry as they develop as the larger ones may eat any under developed ones. Lifespan Expected life span is 15 years. Short description Parachromis dovii are quite a hardy fish but they do produce a lot of waste, regular water changes are a must. They also have a good set of teeth, putting your hand in the tank may seem a threat to them, always be cautious! Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Vieja fenestratus Common name: Window cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 35 - 40 cm (13.78 - 15.75 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7.2 - 8 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 12°N (71.43 - 214.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 27 °C (73.4 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Central America Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Origin Window cichlids come from South Mexico, you can find them from Rio la Antigua in the north to Rio Papaloapan in the south. Lifespan Vieja fenestratus live for about 8 years. Short description The Window cichlid gets its common name from its prominent markings that give the appearance of windows, in fact the Latin word for window is fenestratus - hence the Latin name given to this fish when classified. They can be found in two main colour morphs commonly called greys or the orange morph, with both of these the colours will intensify during spawning periods. They are not that common in the hobby due to the aggressiveness of these fish during breeding so expect to pay a high price for good specimens. In the aquarium they are suited to tanks that have a low water flow and a sandy substrate as they are diggers, décor can be provided by adding rocks, wood or even upturned terracotta plant pots. As expected they are high waste producers so always use a good filtration system backed up by regular water changes. Vieja fenestratus needs a lot of space. If you want to have a pair of these fish, you will need a lot of caves, hiding places for the female and a very large tank, otherwise the male will kill the female. Food and feeding Window cichlid is omnivore and will eat vegetable matter food, insects and small fish. They tend to prefer foods with a higher vegetable content so using a suitable cichlid food for the staple diet is ideal and offering meaty foods should be kept for treats. Sexing The females and males are almost the same, but males are larger and they have a nuchal hump when they are mature. Breeding Window cichlids spawn on the bottom of the tank, mostly on a rock. They mature when they are about a 1 year old. Breeding these fish is not too difficult if given a large tank for the parent fish, avoid adding any other fish or they will be attacked as the male defends the spawning site. The eggs will have a pink colouration if fertilised and healthy, hatching after a few days dependant on the temperature of the water. To ensure higher success rate, the fry can be syphoned into a growing on tank where food can be placed to them at a closer range thus conserving their energy while searching for food. When free swimming the fry should be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp until they are large enough to accept other foods.

Scientific name: Maylandia greshakei Common name: William’s mbuna Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 12 - 14 cm (4.72 - 5.51 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.8 - 7.6 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 7 - 23°N (125 - 410.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 26 °C (73.4 - 78.8°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding Being a plankton eater in the wild, a vegetable based diet should be offered to this fish. As well as providing a quality flake, provide spirulina flake and Nori to supplement the diet. Origin Africa; William’s mbunas are endemic to Lake Malawi. Sexing The males will be slightly larger than the females with more intense colouration. Breeding It is best to add one male to several females to reduce aggression. When the female spawns, she will scoop up the eggs into her mouth and brood them there for up to 3 weeks. When the fry have been released, they can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp or crushed flake. Lifespan The expected life span for Maylandia greshakei is 5-8 years. Short description Try to avoid keeping this fish with other Mbuna of a similar colouration as this can invoke aggression to the other species. Provide plenty of rock work in the tank and regular water changes will be required to keep the fish happy. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Altolamprologus calvus Common name: White lamprologus Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 10 - 13 cm (3.94 - 5.12 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 8 - 8.9 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 9 - 19°N (160.71 - 339.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 25 °C (73.4 - 77°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food The White Lamprologus is carnivorous and will accept a variety of flakes, live, dried and frozen foods. In the wild they are predators of eggs and will hunt in any fish nest they can find. Sexing Sexual dimorphisms become apparent when this cichlid matures. The males have longer flowing fins and are noticeably larger than the females. Breeding A. calvus females use a shell or cave that is too small for males to enter in which to lay their eggs. The male releases the sperm at the opening of the shell or cave and both parents fan the eggs to fertilize them. The female guards the eggs while the male guards the perimeter of their territory. Just before the fry are about to hatch it would be a good idea to move the shell containing the eggs and the female to a separate tank. The fry will hatch within 10 days and can be fed infusoria after their yolk sacs have been absorbed. Lifespan The White Lamprologus can live for over 10 years. Origin This cichlid lives in the rocky areas of Lake Tanganyika of Africa. Short Description This slow growing cichlid may take up to 2 years to reach sexual maturity. They come in several different color variations including but not limited to white, black, and yellow. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Vieja argentea Common name: White cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 25 - 29 cm (9.84 - 11.42 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.6 - 7.4 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 20°N (89.29 - 357.14ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Central America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Origin Central America; White cichlids are found in the waters of Mexico and Guatemala. Lifespan If given the correct conditions, Vieja argentea can live up to 4-5 years but its life span will be reduced if not looked after properly. Short description Vieja argentea is very aggressive and should be kept in larger tanks to give it plenty of room. A pair will require a four foot tank to be happy. Include some hiding places but the fish may decide to re-arrange the décor to their liking. The use of plants is not advised as these are a destructive species of fish and all plants will be uprooted constantly giving them no chance of surviving in the aquarium. Lighting can vary according to your set up, the white cichlid is not too fussy as to the lighting level but if adding a pair to a breeding set up you will get better results with dimmed lighting. They are an aggressive species and should only be housed with similar sized cichlids that can handle themselves, make sure that the fish have plenty of room to establish territories and this should ease the aggression slightly. Like all large cichlids, they are high waste producers so make sure that the filtration system can handle the waste and make sure that regular water changes are performed. Food and feeding Use a quality flake or cichlid pellets for the staple diet. Ensure that you vary the diet by adding chopped earth worms, bloodworms and brine shrimp to keep the fish interested in food. To get the best colouration use some vegetable matter to the diet. They are not fussy eaters but it may take a couple of days for them to settle in the aquarium before they regain their full appetite. Providing a varied diet will ensure that they will display their best colouration. Sexing White cichlids are extremely difficult to sex but when mature, the males tend to be slightly larger than the females. Breeding Breeding should be quite easy with this species. When a pair is added to the breeding tank you must make sure that the female is not being bullied to the extent of over stressing her or even physical damage. If this does occur it may be best to separate the pair for a few days and then try again or as a last resort try to pair the male with a different female. There will always be some aggression during spawning but as long as the female can cope with this you should not have any problems.Up to 1000 eggs will be laid in a pit and 3 days later the eggs should hatch. Once the fry are free swimming, they can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk

Scientific name: Apistogramma viejita Common name: Viejita Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 6 - 8 cm (2.36 - 3.15 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 5.5 - 6.5 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 2 - 10°N (35.71 - 178.57ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 25 - 28 °C (77 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding The staple diet for Viejita should be a quality flake. They will appreciate treats of brine shrimp and blood worm. Origin South America; Viejita’s are to be found in the Amazon River Basins. Sexing As juveniles, Viejita’s are impossible to sex. When adult, the male will display more coloration and have an extended dorsal fin. Breeding Soft, acidic water is required to get Apistogramma viejita to breed. Small, frequent water changes will often induce spawning. Approx. 40 eggs will be laid in a batch and the female will protect these, the male will stand guard of the spawning site. The fry can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp when they are free swimming. Lifespan The expected life span of Viejita is 2-3 years. Short description Viejita’s are best kept in a tank with plenty of plants; they should be kept in a ratio of one male to 3-4 females as they are a harem fish. Open swimming spaces should also be provided. Thanks to Jan Wirén for his picture.

Scientific name: Vieja fenestrata Common name: N/A Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 25 - 30 cm (9.84 - 11.81 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7.2 - 8.4 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 11 - 23°N (196.43 - 410.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 27 °C (73.4 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: North America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding Vieja fenestrata are herbivorous in the wild but they also eat insects and invertebrates as well. In the aquarium this diet can be replicated by using cichlid pellets or a quality flake and supplement these with spirulina flake and algae wafers. For meaty foods supply the fish with prawns cockles and mussels. Origin Central America and North America; Vieja fenestrata are endemic to the waterways of Mexico. Sexing Males are larger than the females with extended dorsal and anal fins. They will also develop a nuchal hump as they mature. Breeding Vieja fenestrata are egg depositors so they will clean a site, normally a flat rock but sometimes they will spawn in a cave, and the eggs will be laid. After 2-3 days the fry should hatch and 4-5 days after that they will be free swimming. Offer the fry newly hatched brine shrimp until they are large enough to accept micro worms and crushed flake. Lifespan The expected life span for Vieja fenestrata is 8 years. Short description Vieja fenestrata is very unpredictable and can turn on its tank mates or partner without any warning. If the female looks like she is getting bullied, remover her from the tank or add a divider and only return her after a few days. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Vieja bifasciata Common name: Twoband cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 26 - 30 cm (10.24 - 11.81 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 7.9 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 10 - 23°N (178.57 - 410.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Central America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding In the wild Twoband cichlids are constantly grazing on algae so a high vegetable matter diet is required. Feed them spirulina flake, a vegetable based flake, spinach and shelled peas. Supplement this with treats of blood worms, brine shrimp and chopped prawns. Origin Central America; Twoband cichlids are found in Mexico and Guatemala. Sexing Males are larger and display a brighter colouration. The females will look drab in contrast to the males. Breeding Add bog wood and flat rocks to provide potential spawning sites for the fish. Once a site has been chosen and cleaned by the fish the eggs will be deposited and the female will guard the nest while the male defends the territory. After 72 hours the eggs should hatch and a few days later the fry will be free swimming. At this stage the fry will require feeding 2-3 times per day of newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Vieja bifasciata is 5-8 years. Short description The temperament of Vieja bifasciata can vary with each individual. Even the male in a bonded pair can suddenly turn on the female with no warning so always look out for this. They are not demanding on their requirements but they will need regular water changes as they are high waste producers. Picture Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Cichlasoma trimaculatum Common name: Three spot cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 30 - 38 cm (11.81 - 14.96 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.5 - 7.5 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 8 - 24°N (142.86 - 428.57ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Central America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive to smaller Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding When juveniles, Three spot cichlids should be fed quality flakes or small cichlid granules, as the mature they should be given cichlid pellets, along with chopped earth worms, shrimps and krill. Origin Central America; Three spot cichlids are found in rivers and lakes of Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Sexing Males will grow larger and develop a larger nuchal hump. The dorsal and anal fins of the male will also be extended. Breeding A large aquarium is required for breeding purposes. The spawning site is usually a flat rock, once the eggs have been laid and fertilized, the female will tend them while the male defends the territory. Once the fry are free swimming, they can be fed on crushed flake or newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Cichlasoma trimaculatum is 12 years. Short description As juveniles, Three spot cichlids do not show much colouration, but as they mature they have beautiful markings. They can only be kept with other large cichlids as they are very aggressive. Sometimes flower horns are sold as these fish, it is best to purchase them from a reputable breeder. Males are larger than females. Prefers slow moving and clean waters. Keep with fish of similar size in large tanks. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Apistogramma iniridae Common name: Threadfinned dwarf cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 5 - 8 cm (1.97 - 3.15 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.3 - 7 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 18°N (71.43 - 321.43ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 23 - 28 °C (73.4 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Apistogrammas relish live or frozen food. They can be trained to accept flake or granules over a period of time but initially feed them with brine shrimp, blood worms, and daphnia. Origin South America; Threadfinned dwarf cichlids are found in the Orinoco River Basins of Colombia. Sexing Threadfinned dwarf cichlids can be difficult to sex especially when juveniles. When mature, the male will be more brightly coloured with extended finnage. Breeding Trying to breed this species of Apistogrammas can be tricky as they require a very low pH for success. The eggs will be laid on plants or in a cave and the female will defend the nest while the male defends the territory. When the fry are free swimming both parents will defend them. The fry can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span of Apistogramma iniridae is 3-5 years. Short description Always provide plenty of hiding places in the tank so that the females can hide from over amorous males and vice versa if the female has a temper with the male. The water should be slightly acidic and of a high quality. Pictures Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Acarichthys heckelii Common name: Thread-finned cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 11 - 13 cm (4.33 - 5.12 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.8 - 7.2 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 6 - 12°N (107.14 - 214.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 28 °C (75.2 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels Food and feeding All foods offered will be accepted. Quality flakes and cichlid pellets should provide the staple diet. Supplements of blood worm and brine shrimp should be given on a weekly basis. Include some vegetable matter to bring out the best from Thread-finned cichlids. Origin South America; Thread-finned cichlids are to be found on the Rio Negro, Brazil. Sexing Males will have an extended dorsal fin and display more coloration. Breeding Breeding is not too difficult with these fish. Provide some caves in the set up and they should spawn. The male will protect the spawning site while the female tends the eggs in the cave. After 3 days the eggs should hatch and 3 days later the fry will be free swimming. They can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp initially. Lifespan The expected life span for Thread-finned cichlids is 6-8 years. Short description These are relatively peaceful fish but will occupy territories. Add hiding places to the tank but leave open swimming spaces. Frequent water changes must be performed. Picture Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Apistogramma resticulosa Common name: Thin-line dwarf cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 2 - 3 cm (0.79 - 1.18 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.3 - 7.5 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 9 - 18°N (160.71 - 321.43ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 27 °C (71.6 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Thin-line dwarf cichlids will accept all foods offered. Use a quality flake or small pellets for the staple diet but keep them interested in food by adding variations of live or frozen treats. Blood worm, brine shrimp, mysis, and daphnia are ideal. Origin South America; Thin-line dwarf cichlids are found in the water ways of Bolivia and Brazil. Sexing Females will have yellow colouration on their chest, the males will have blue colouration. Males will also have extended dorsal and anal fins. Breeding Use upturned plant pots to provide caves for spawning sites. The female will tend the eggs while the male will guard the territory. The eggs should hatch after 4-5 days and after another 4-5 days the female will guide the fry out of the nest to look for food. The fry can be fed on newly hatched brine shrimp. Lifespan The expected life span for Apistogramma resticulosa is 3-5 years. Short description Thin-line dwarf cichlids are classed as peaceful and can be kept in a community tank with other peaceful tank mates. Try to keep one male in the tank, two males together will become territorial. Add hiding places with wood or rocks and use floating plants to subdue the lighting. Picture Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.

Scientific name: Uaru amphiacanthoides Common name: The Uaru cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 16 - 20 cm (6.3 - 7.87 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 5 - 7 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 12°N (89.29 - 214.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 26 - 28 °C (78.8 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: South America Temperament to its own species: peaceful Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding The Uaru cichlids should eat all foods offered. Always supply them with quality flake or pellets as the staple diet but give them treats as well of blood worms, tubifex, and brine shrimp. Origin South America; The Uaru cichlids are found in the Amazonian River Basins. Sexing Very difficult to sex, it is easier to purchase a group of six fish and let them pair naturally. Breeding Uaru can be difficult to get to breed but not impossible. The female will lay her eggs in the substrate, anything from 100 -1000 eggs will be laid. The female will fan the eggs until they have hatched and the fry will initially eat from the mucus on the body of their parents. When larger, the fry will accept newly hatched brine shrimp and crushed flake. Lifespan The expected life span for Uaru amphiacanthoides is 8-12 years. Short description Uaru amphiacanthoides are very intelligent and will soon recognize their owner. They can grow up to 10 inches in length so should be kept in a larger aquarium. The juveniles will be mottled in appearance but when adult their colouration will take on a darker appearance. The Uaru cichlids eat plants. Pictures

Scientific name: Herichthys cyanoguttatus Common name: Texas cichlid Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 25 - 30 cm (9.84 - 11.81 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 6.5 - 7.5 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 12°N (89.29 - 214.29ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 22 - 28 °C (71.6 - 82.4°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: North America Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial Temperament toward other fish species: aggressive/territorial Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Origin The Texas Cichlid is a natural species that is found in the USA, they have not been introduced originally in Central America but colonies have been introduced further afield. Lifespan 10-12 years. Sometimes more. Short description The Texas Cichlid displays a beautiful colouration but don’t be fooled by its appearance. This fish is highly territorial and will be aggressive towards other species of fish and even breeding can be difficult as the males may show aggression towards the females. They inhabit slow moving waters that are dense with vegetation, these conditions should be replicated in the aquarium by keeping the water flow at a low rate. They are well known for being substrate diggers so growing live plants can be a problem but they are happy with minimal décor such as terracotta pots or even a few rocks. Artificial plants can be added but these will be moved around by this fish. Like all large cichlids they are high waste producers so use a suitable filtration system and back this up with regular water changes on a weekly basis. Feeding Give them live food as well as vegetables based food which is bloodworms, tubifex, spinach, granules, tablets, small fish. These are not fussy eaters, they will accept quality flakes or pellets but you must supplement this with treats of live or frozen foods. For extra vegetable matter, spirulina flakes are ideal. Sexing Males are larger than females. Males may also develop extended finnage as they mature and some may even develop small nuchal humps on their forehead. Breeding Texas cichlids lay eggs on a previously cleaned rock. Female can lay from 200 to 1000 eggs at one time. Then the are fertilized by male. When eggs hatch, remove or divide parents from fry. Fry should be fed Artemia salina. Extreme care should be taken when introducing the female to the male, the males have been known to kill females with their aggression so be ready to separate them if signs of this happening occurs. Both parents will show parental care and guard the fry from any danger, often rounding them up in their mouths to group to a safer spot. Additional information and picture Thanks to Jan Wirén for allowing us to use his picture. The second picture was sent to us from one visitor.

Scientific name: Eretmodus cyanostictus Common name: Tanganyika clown Family: Cichlidae Usual size in fish tanks: 8 - 9 cm (3.15 - 3.54 inch) 0 14 Recommended pH range for the species: 7.6 - 8.9 Recommended water hardness (dGH): 14 - 23°N (250 - 410.71ppm) 0°C 32°F 30°C 86°F Recommended temperature: 24 - 27 °C (75.2 - 80.6°F) The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning Where the species comes from: Africa Temperament to its own species: aggressive/territorial Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful Usual place in the tank: Middle levels Food and feeding Tanganyika clowns require a high vegetable matter diet. Supply them with spirulina flake and algae wafers. To vary this give them treats of live or frozen foods , try to avoid giving them brine shrimp as feeding these can give the fish digestive problems. Origin Africa; Tanganyika clowns are endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Sexing Males will display a brighter colouration and be larger than the females. Breeding Tanganyika clowns are bi-parental brooders. Both parents will take their turns in incubating the eggs and holding the fry. The female will turn quickly to collect the eggs after she has laid them and then the male will fertilise them. The male will normally take over the incubation after two weeks of the female holding them and then she will be ready to breed again. Lifespan The expected life span of Eretmodus cyanostictus is 5-8 years. Short description Eretmodus cyanostictus occupies the higher water levels of Lake Malawi and will wedge itself in the rocks while grazing algae. In the aquarium add plenty of rockwork and use sand for the substrate; it is believed that some grains of sand kept in their stomach aids their digestion. Picture Bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.