Silica in water is present mostly as reactive or
dissolved silica. In surface waters, a small quantity
of non-reactive silica (in colloidal dimensions)
may also be present during some parts of the
year, especially during the monsoon.
As water passes through and over various soils
into our lakes and rivers, the formation of carbon
dioxide and organic acids resulting from
microbial activity results in acid degradation of
the silicate minerals (particularly clay particles).
This acid attack on minerals will dissolve the iron,
aluminum etc. and interaction of these
components with silica results in the formation of
colloidal silica that is stabilised with a coating of
organic matter.
Silica in water is present mostly as reactive or
dissolved silica. In surface waters, a small quantity
of non-reactive silica (in colloidal dimensions)
may also be present during some parts of the
year, especially during the monsoon.
As water passes through and over various soils
into our lakes and rivers, the formation of carbon
dioxide and organic acids resulting from
microbial activity results in acid degradation of
the silicate minerals (particularly clay particles).
This acid attack on minerals will dissolve the iron,
aluminum etc. and interaction of these
components with silica results in the formation of
colloidal silica that is stabilised with a coating of
organic matter.
Aerobic Treatment: T
aerator bio-zone which is a combined fixed film
reactor and active aeration system mounted on a
horizontal shaft. The aerator provides a solid
surface area for micro-organisms to attach
themselves; these then feed on the organic matter
present in the effluent. Rotation of the drums
aerates the liquid. The bio-zone is self-cleansing
and does not require extraneous pumping or
sludge return.
Final Settlement: The treated effluent then moves
to the settlement area. This area contains a
lamella parallel plate assembly for settling finer
particles. The submersible pump removes sludge
to the sludge storage compartment on a regular
timed basis.
Aerobic Treatment: T
aerator bio-zone which is a combined fixed film
reactor and active aeration system mounted on a
horizontal shaft. The aerator provides a solid
surface area for micro-organisms to attach
themselves; these then feed on the organic matter
present in the effluent. Rotation of the drums
aerates the liquid. The bio-zone is self-cleansing
and does not require extraneous pumping or
sludge return.
Final Settlement: The treated effluent then moves
to the settlement area. This area contains a
lamella parallel plate assembly for settling finer
particles. The submersible pump removes sludge
to the sludge storage compartment on a regular
timed basis.
Multigrade filter is a depth filter that makes use
of coarse and fine media mixed together in a
fixed proportion. This arrangement produces a
filter bed with adequate pore dimensions for
retaining both large and small suspended
particles. This filter performs at a substantially
higher specific flow rate than conventional filters.
Specific flow rates of 0.82 – 1.64 ftmin have
been successfully obtained for treating waters
containing 25 – 50 ppm suspended solids
respectively to produce filtrate with less than
5 ppm.
Multigrade filter is a depth filter that makes use
of coarse and fine media mixed together in a
fixed proportion. This arrangement produces a
filter bed with adequate pore dimensions for
retaining both large and small suspended
particles. This filter performs at a substantially
higher specific flow rate than conventional filters.
Specific flow rates of 0.82 – 1.64 ftmin have
been successfully obtained for treating waters
containing 25 – 50 ppm suspended solids
respectively to produce filtrate with less than
5 ppm.
The INDION lamella clarifier provides an effective
answer for the clarification of water and waste water.
The lamella clarifier achieves solid-liquid separation by
directing the liquid between a series of inclined plates
called lamella. The settling surface of each plate is
equivalent to its horizontal projection. Lamellae are
normally spaced approx. 50 mm apart, with the result
that large settling surfaces are concentrated within a
relatively small floor area.
The INDION lamella clarifier provides an effective
answer for the clarification of water and waste water.
The lamella clarifier achieves solid-liquid separation by
directing the liquid between a series of inclined plates
called lamella. The settling surface of each plate is
equivalent to its horizontal projection. Lamellae are
normally spaced approx. 50 mm apart, with the result
that large settling surfaces are concentrated within a
relatively small floor area.
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