Pack TypeIt is Packed in White Plastic Bottle with Pump Seal & a Cap
StorageCool & Dry Place
Buckle Pressure1.3mpa
Burst Pressure1.5mpa
Nicosia International is a global Veterinary Herbal Spray Manufacturers from Ludhiana, Punjab, committed to assisting our clients and the veterinary community. We provide high-quality herbal treatments for animal health, as well as human health, based on years of expertise. We believe at Nicosia International that the greatest treatments for animals are scientifically proven, effective, safe, and of consistent quality batch after batch.
Our Innovation Centre provides the ideal environment for our team to develop creative solutions that are practical, safe, and beneficial to animal health. Nicosia International focuses its innovation on the research and development of natural solutions for veterinarians and livestock farmers to aid in profitable farming.
Nicosia International is a global Veterinary Herbal Spray Manufacturers from Ludhiana, Punjab, committed to assisting our clients and the veterinary community. We provide high-quality herbal treatments for animal health, as well as human health, based on years of expertise. We believe at Nicosia International that the greatest treatments for animals are scientifically proven, effective, safe, and of consistent quality batch after batch.
Our Innovation Centre provides the ideal environment for our team to develop creative solutions that are practical, safe, and beneficial to animal health. Nicosia International focuses its innovation on the research and development of natural solutions for veterinarians and livestock farmers to aid in profitable farming.
Nicosia International has established ourselves as a dependable Veterinary Calcium Manufacturer in order to provide total pleasure to our valued customers. These supplements are appropriate for cow feeding. Furthermore, we provide our services to our esteemed customers at market-leading costs. Our office is based in Ludhiana Punjab, India.
Nicosia International is involved in supplying an excellent variety of Veterinary Liquid Calcium Supplement to ensure total client satisfaction. To provide a longer shelf life, nutritional value, and precise composition, the given goods are produced using high grade components. These calcium supplements, which are ecbolic and uterine tonics, are excellent for cow feeding. In addition, we provide Veterinary Liquid Calcium Supplement to our valued customers at very competitive market prices.
Nicosia International has established ourselves as a dependable Veterinary Calcium Manufacturer in order to provide total pleasure to our valued customers. These supplements are appropriate for cow feeding. Furthermore, we provide our services to our esteemed customers at market-leading costs. Our office is based in Ludhiana Punjab, India.
Nicosia International is involved in supplying an excellent variety of Veterinary Liquid Calcium Supplement to ensure total client satisfaction. To provide a longer shelf life, nutritional value, and precise composition, the given goods are produced using high grade components. These calcium supplements, which are ecbolic and uterine tonics, are excellent for cow feeding. In addition, we provide Veterinary Liquid Calcium Supplement to our valued customers at very competitive market prices.
UDDER GRO-H provides strength to the Udder tissues in order to hold more milk. The UDDER GRO-H is prepared from quality ingredients ensuring effective results. The UDDER GRO-H has been tested to ensure assured results as well as quality. Advantages
Improves the quality and spermcount in semen.
Gives strength to udder tissues to hold more milk
Promotes wound healing in F.M.D. Mastitis, Entiritis.... etc.
Prevents alopecia and improves body coat
Reduces chick morality by removing stress
Improves Hatchability
Composition Nutritional Value per ml
Vit A : 20000 i.u.
Vit D3 : 10000 i.u.
Vit E : 50 mg.
Vit H (Biotin) : 12.5 mcg.
UDDER GRO-H provides strength to the Udder tissues in order to hold more milk. The UDDER GRO-H is prepared from quality ingredients ensuring effective results. The UDDER GRO-H has been tested to ensure assured results as well as quality. Advantages
Improves the quality and spermcount in semen.
Gives strength to udder tissues to hold more milk
Promotes wound healing in F.M.D. Mastitis, Entiritis.... etc.
Prevents alopecia and improves body coat
Reduces chick morality by removing stress
Improves Hatchability
Composition Nutritional Value per ml
Vit A : 20000 i.u.
Vit D3 : 10000 i.u.
Vit E : 50 mg.
Vit H (Biotin) : 12.5 mcg.
We provide the especially developed UDDER-GRO BOLUS to the clients located all over the world. The UDDER-GRO BOLUS is prepared from active ingredients and is clinically tested. UDDER-GRO BOLUS is highly effective to provide strength to the Udder tissues in order to hold more milk.
Stimulates alveoli and increases number of active alveoli increased milk synthesis
Facilitates release of prolactin Milk let down.
Improves mammary gland weight-improved milk yield
Improves fat and SNF percentage
Stress relaxant
Improves reproductive performance
Required For
Udder development
Sluggish Udder
Mastitis
Uneven Quarters
Leaky Teats
We provide the especially developed UDDER-GRO BOLUS to the clients located all over the world. The UDDER-GRO BOLUS is prepared from active ingredients and is clinically tested. UDDER-GRO BOLUS is highly effective to provide strength to the Udder tissues in order to hold more milk.
Stimulates alveoli and increases number of active alveoli increased milk synthesis
Facilitates release of prolactin Milk let down.
Improves mammary gland weight-improved milk yield
Improves fat and SNF percentage
Stress relaxant
Improves reproductive performance
Required For
Udder development
Sluggish Udder
Mastitis
Uneven Quarters
Leaky Teats
We offer a wide range of Ruminal Forte Bolus which is a Key to Healthy Ruminal Environment. The Ruminal Forte Bolus offered by us is highly efficient in swiftly correcting ruminal ecology to overcome anorexia, ruminal, Atony Abnormal faeces, Diarrhoea, and Acidiosis. Scientifically selected ingredients of Ruminal Forte used in our Ruminal Forte Bolus, ensures quick recovery of animals from diseases. Effective During
Variabillity in quality and quantity of feed like
Indigestible roughage (mouldy, over heated or frosy feed.)
Over feeding of concentrate or greens
Feeding of antibiotics with feed
Sudden Change to new source of feed
Stress : Transportation, Productions, Disease, Climate
Antibiotic therapy Change in Rumen ecology leads to : Impaction
Anorexia
Ruminal Atony
Abnormal faeces
Diarrhoea
Acidiosis
Dosage
8 bolus Dissolved in Luke warm milk (250-500ml) with sugar or gur-after half hour culture should be supplemented repeat after 12 hrs if necessary
Composition
Each 5 Gm Bolus Contains
Live yeast cells of a proprietay strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae 25 billion (25x109) cells per bolus
Blend of Live Lactobacillus, Amino Acids, Liver Extract, Fungal Diastase, Sea Weed Extract Aspergillus Oryzae, Charaita, Cobalt, Pepsin
We offer a wide range of Ruminal Forte Bolus which is a Key to Healthy Ruminal Environment. The Ruminal Forte Bolus offered by us is highly efficient in swiftly correcting ruminal ecology to overcome anorexia, ruminal, Atony Abnormal faeces, Diarrhoea, and Acidiosis. Scientifically selected ingredients of Ruminal Forte used in our Ruminal Forte Bolus, ensures quick recovery of animals from diseases. Effective During
Variabillity in quality and quantity of feed like
Indigestible roughage (mouldy, over heated or frosy feed.)
Over feeding of concentrate or greens
Feeding of antibiotics with feed
Sudden Change to new source of feed
Stress : Transportation, Productions, Disease, Climate
Antibiotic therapy Change in Rumen ecology leads to : Impaction
Anorexia
Ruminal Atony
Abnormal faeces
Diarrhoea
Acidiosis
Dosage
8 bolus Dissolved in Luke warm milk (250-500ml) with sugar or gur-after half hour culture should be supplemented repeat after 12 hrs if necessary
Composition
Each 5 Gm Bolus Contains
Live yeast cells of a proprietay strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae 25 billion (25x109) cells per bolus
Blend of Live Lactobacillus, Amino Acids, Liver Extract, Fungal Diastase, Sea Weed Extract Aspergillus Oryzae, Charaita, Cobalt, Pepsin
Dosage : 1-2 blous daily
Packaging Type : Box
Application : For digestion and increasing appetite
we are offering outer f bolus. we offer outer-f bolus to the clients located in different parts of the world. the outer-f bolus is prepared from the selected ingredients. our clinically tested outer-f bolus is safe in pregnancy.
indications
highly effective against small and large intestinal worms, caecal & abomasal nematodes also. effective against lung and tape worms. 85% efficacy against liver flukes.broad spectrum anthelmintic having both larvicdal & ovicidal activities.
composition
each uncoated bolus contains
fenbendazole bp (vet.) : 3 gmivermectin b.p. : 100 mgexcipients q.s.
dosage
1 bolus per 300 kg b.w.
we are offering outer f bolus. we offer outer-f bolus to the clients located in different parts of the world. the outer-f bolus is prepared from the selected ingredients. our clinically tested outer-f bolus is safe in pregnancy.
indications
highly effective against small and large intestinal worms, caecal & abomasal nematodes also. effective against lung and tape worms. 85% efficacy against liver flukes.broad spectrum anthelmintic having both larvicdal & ovicidal activities.
composition
each uncoated bolus contains
fenbendazole bp (vet.) : 3 gmivermectin b.p. : 100 mgexcipients q.s.
dosage
1 bolus per 300 kg b.w.
We offer OUTER-F Bolus to the clients located in different parts of the world. The OUTER-F Bolus is prepared from the selected ingredients. Our clinically tested OUTER-F Bolus is safe in pregnancy. Indications
Highly effective against small and large intestinal worms, caecal & abomasal nematodes also. Effective against lung and tape worms. 85% efficacy against liver flukes.
Broad spectrum anthelmintic having both larvicdal & Ovicidal activities.
We offer OUTER-F Bolus to the clients located in different parts of the world. The OUTER-F Bolus is prepared from the selected ingredients. Our clinically tested OUTER-F Bolus is safe in pregnancy. Indications
Highly effective against small and large intestinal worms, caecal & abomasal nematodes also. Effective against lung and tape worms. 85% efficacy against liver flukes.
Broad spectrum anthelmintic having both larvicdal & Ovicidal activities.
Indications
in myasis
all type of vrunas
yoke and rope galls
foot lesions in fmd
ring worm
eczema
degonalla
fly repellent
post shearing skin lesions in sheep.
Indications
in myasis
all type of vrunas
yoke and rope galls
foot lesions in fmd
ring worm
eczema
degonalla
fly repellent
post shearing skin lesions in sheep.
Composition :
Each ml contains :
Phenylbutazone 200 mg.
Sodium Salicylate 20 mg
Methyl Paraben IP 0.8% w/v
(As Preservative) IPÂ
Water for Injection IP q.s
Packs Available vial size : 30 & 100 ml
Composition :
Each ml contains :
Phenylbutazone 200 mg.
Sodium Salicylate 20 mg
Methyl Paraben IP 0.8% w/v
(As Preservative) IPÂ
Water for Injection IP q.s
Packs Available vial size : 30 & 100 ml
INDICATION :
Nutrizyme-PRO is a multi-Enzyme with Probiotic mixed new formula product, which has the the following functions:
Nutrizyme-PRO makes up the shortage of animal secreted digestive enzyme,increase ruminants digestive&assimilate capacity.
Keep digestive system microecology balance, decrease digestive system disease , improve immunity.
Decrease ruminants stress reaction for feed, increase animals production capacity.
Promoting growth of bone, gaining weight, good appearance.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
Beef, Dairy: 1kg per 500kg-1000kg feed.
Goat, Sheep: 1kg per 500kg feed.
Please note that different kinds of refined feed will get little different result.
STORAGE : Keep in storage of 2-25℃, prevent from light.
PACKING : 1kg/ bag, 10kg/bucket or 25kg/bag
Validity : 2 years
INDICATION :
Nutrizyme-PRO is a multi-Enzyme with Probiotic mixed new formula product, which has the the following functions:
Nutrizyme-PRO makes up the shortage of animal secreted digestive enzyme,increase ruminants digestive&assimilate capacity.
Keep digestive system microecology balance, decrease digestive system disease , improve immunity.
Decrease ruminants stress reaction for feed, increase animals production capacity.
Promoting growth of bone, gaining weight, good appearance.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
Beef, Dairy: 1kg per 500kg-1000kg feed.
Goat, Sheep: 1kg per 500kg feed.
Please note that different kinds of refined feed will get little different result.
STORAGE : Keep in storage of 2-25℃, prevent from light.
PACKING : 1kg/ bag, 10kg/bucket or 25kg/bag
Validity : 2 years
INDICATION :
Vitamin-C is an antioxidant which is needed for the proper operation of several physiological functions. Borneol is pure nature herbal extract substance use for release summer heat stress, And release pains bring by heat.
Nutrivita-C WS is used for :
Prevention or treatment of vitamin C deficiencies in farm animals.
Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport,
high humidity,high temperatures or extreme temperature changes).
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
For oral administration through drinking water:
Poultry and swine : 200 g per 1000 litres of drinking water for 3 - 5 days.
Calves, goats and sheep : 1 g per 100 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
Cattle : 1 g per 200 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
STORAGE : Keep in storage of 2-25℃, prevent from light.
PACKING :200g/bag, 1kg/ bag,
VALIDITY :2 years
INDICATION :
Vitamin-C is an antioxidant which is needed for the proper operation of several physiological functions. Borneol is pure nature herbal extract substance use for release summer heat stress, And release pains bring by heat.
Nutrivita-C WS is used for :
Prevention or treatment of vitamin C deficiencies in farm animals.
Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport,
high humidity,high temperatures or extreme temperature changes).
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
For oral administration through drinking water:
Poultry and swine : 200 g per 1000 litres of drinking water for 3 - 5 days.
Calves, goats and sheep : 1 g per 100 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
Cattle : 1 g per 200 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
STORAGE : Keep in storage of 2-25℃, prevent from light.
PACKING :200g/bag, 1kg/ bag,
VALIDITY :2 years
Description:
Purify water , make sure poultry drinking water safe. Use through drinking water, and also clean drinking pipe system.
Improve intestinal healthy , adjust poultry stomach and intestinal pH, keep beneficial bacteria normal reproduction. Protects poultry against pathogens bacteria e.g E.coli,Salmonella spp, Clostridium spp, Camphilobacter spp.
Prevent drinking line and papilla blocking, bacteria virus breeding, clean organic substance and residual mineral in drinking system. suitable for you all kinds of drinking system.
Stimulates poultry flock enhance immunity.
Usage & Dosage :
For poultry and swine cleaning water system and health care: 1: 2000 diluted by animal drinking water during breeding period, 1-2 time per week.
Empty henhouse drinking system cleaning: 1:100 diluted by water steep more than 24 hours , then put out, wash 2 time by water
Caution : This product cannot use instead of medicine. For animal health care only.
Storage : Store in cool place prevent from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Packing : 1000m-1.12 Bottle/ctn Validity : 2 years
Description:
Purify water , make sure poultry drinking water safe. Use through drinking water, and also clean drinking pipe system.
Improve intestinal healthy , adjust poultry stomach and intestinal pH, keep beneficial bacteria normal reproduction. Protects poultry against pathogens bacteria e.g E.coli,Salmonella spp, Clostridium spp, Camphilobacter spp.
Prevent drinking line and papilla blocking, bacteria virus breeding, clean organic substance and residual mineral in drinking system. suitable for you all kinds of drinking system.
Stimulates poultry flock enhance immunity.
Usage & Dosage :
For poultry and swine cleaning water system and health care: 1: 2000 diluted by animal drinking water during breeding period, 1-2 time per week.
Empty henhouse drinking system cleaning: 1:100 diluted by water steep more than 24 hours , then put out, wash 2 time by water
Caution : This product cannot use instead of medicine. For animal health care only.
Storage : Store in cool place prevent from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Packing : 1000m-1.12 Bottle/ctn Validity : 2 years
StorageKeep in dry storage of 5-25t , prevent from light.
Packing250g x40Bags/CTN, 1Kg X 15Bags/CTN
Validity2 years
COMPOSITION :
Per Kg Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum Total viable count 7 X 108CFU Yeast Extract 30g Astragalus Extract 100g Carrier: Prebiotics (bifidus facto, oligosaccharide) Dextrose Attractant, etc.
INDICATION :
Adjust intestinal flora balance , decrease enteritis and diarrhea , prevent and treatment proventriculitis / ventriculitis (muscular stomach inflamrnation) caused by all kinds of bacteria.
Keep poultry best physiological function at breeding early stage .
Improve immunity, increase survival rate and uniformity
Stomachic, attractant , promote digestion increase ingestion speed , improve FCR.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
For poultry : 1g for 1L drinking water or 500g feed.
This product cannot mix use with other rnedicine and vaccine, use interval tirne should not less than 2 hours.
COMPOSITION :
Per Kg Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum Total viable count 7 X 108CFU Yeast Extract 30g Astragalus Extract 100g Carrier: Prebiotics (bifidus facto, oligosaccharide) Dextrose Attractant, etc.
INDICATION :
Adjust intestinal flora balance , decrease enteritis and diarrhea , prevent and treatment proventriculitis / ventriculitis (muscular stomach inflamrnation) caused by all kinds of bacteria.
Keep poultry best physiological function at breeding early stage .
Improve immunity, increase survival rate and uniformity
Stomachic, attractant , promote digestion increase ingestion speed , improve FCR.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION :
For poultry : 1g for 1L drinking water or 500g feed.
This product cannot mix use with other rnedicine and vaccine, use interval tirne should not less than 2 hours.
NUTRI-VITA ORAL is a well balanced combination of essential vitamins for Calves, Cattle, Goats, Poultry, Sheep and Swine. Prevention or treatment of vitamin deficiencies in farm animals. Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport, high humidity, high temperatures or extreme temperature changes). Improvement of feed conversion.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
For oral administration:
Poultry and swine : 1 litre per 2000 litre drinking water for 3 - 5 days.
Calves, goats and sheep : 1 ml per 20 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
Cattle : 1 ml per 40 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD: None
STORAGE:
Store in dry dark place between 5℃ and 25 ℃,
Store in closed packing.
PACKING : 500ml 1000ml plastic bottle.
VALIDITY: 2 years.
NUTRI-VITA ORAL is a well balanced combination of essential vitamins for Calves, Cattle, Goats, Poultry, Sheep and Swine. Prevention or treatment of vitamin deficiencies in farm animals. Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport, high humidity, high temperatures or extreme temperature changes). Improvement of feed conversion.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
For oral administration:
Poultry and swine : 1 litre per 2000 litre drinking water for 3 - 5 days.
Calves, goats and sheep : 1 ml per 20 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
Cattle : 1 ml per 40 kg body weight for 3 - 5 days.
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD: None
STORAGE:
Store in dry dark place between 5℃ and 25 ℃,
Store in closed packing.
PACKING : 500ml 1000ml plastic bottle.
VALIDITY: 2 years.
INDICATIONS:
Prevention or treatment of vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E deficiencies
Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport, high humidity, high temperatures or extreme temperature changes).
Improvement of feed conversion.
Stimulate antibody production and help vaccine function well.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION :
For oral administration
Poultry swine: 1g per 1.5-2L water continue for 3-5 days
Cattle Calves, goats and sheep : 1 g per 10 kg. body weight for 3 - 5 days.
The above mentioned dosages should be doubled when use mixed with feed.
Medicated drinking water should be used within 24 hours.
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD : None
STORAGE :
Store in a dry, dark place between 2 °C and 25 °C.
Keep medicine away from children.
PACKING: 1kg×10 Bags/CTN or Drum
VALIDITY:2 years
INDICATIONS:
Prevention or treatment of vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E deficiencies
Prevention or treatment of stress (caused by vaccination, diseases, transport, high humidity, high temperatures or extreme temperature changes).
Improvement of feed conversion.
Stimulate antibody production and help vaccine function well.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION :
For oral administration
Poultry swine: 1g per 1.5-2L water continue for 3-5 days
Cattle Calves, goats and sheep : 1 g per 10 kg. body weight for 3 - 5 days.
The above mentioned dosages should be doubled when use mixed with feed.
Medicated drinking water should be used within 24 hours.
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD : None
STORAGE :
Store in a dry, dark place between 2 °C and 25 °C.
Keep medicine away from children.
PACKING: 1kg×10 Bags/CTN or Drum
VALIDITY:2 years
We bring forth a wide array of Nutri-Vet Bolus which contains Proteinated Minerals and high bioavailabilities. The Nutri-Vet Bolus which we offer improves the milk yield throughout the Lactation Period. The Calcium, Phosphorous and Vitamin D3 in our Nutri-Vet Bolus Improves Milk Production and improves Milk Yield in an animal. Advantages
Asparagus Racemosus & Leptadina reticulata Stimulates Glandular Functions And Help Letting Down Naturally
To Increase the semen quality in males
To improve the reproductive performence in females (Fertility & Conception Rate )
To manage the Repeat Bredding & anoestrous Conditions
We bring forth a wide array of Nutri-Vet Bolus which contains Proteinated Minerals and high bioavailabilities. The Nutri-Vet Bolus which we offer improves the milk yield throughout the Lactation Period. The Calcium, Phosphorous and Vitamin D3 in our Nutri-Vet Bolus Improves Milk Production and improves Milk Yield in an animal. Advantages
Asparagus Racemosus & Leptadina reticulata Stimulates Glandular Functions And Help Letting Down Naturally
To Increase the semen quality in males
To improve the reproductive performence in females (Fertility & Conception Rate )
To manage the Repeat Bredding & anoestrous Conditions
Nicosia International is recognized amongst successful Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Nutri Mix Bolus. Benefits
To improve the milk yield through out the lactation period
Calcium, Phosphorus & Vitamin D3 Improves Milk Production Favorably and Improves Milk Yield.
Asparagus Racemosus & Leptadina Reticulata stimulates glandular functions and help letting down naturally
To Increase the semen quality in males
To improve the reproductive performance in females (Fertility & Conception Rate)
To manage the repeat breeding & anoestrous conditions.
Nicosia International is recognized amongst successful Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Nutri Mix Bolus. Benefits
To improve the milk yield through out the lactation period
Calcium, Phosphorus & Vitamin D3 Improves Milk Production Favorably and Improves Milk Yield.
Asparagus Racemosus & Leptadina Reticulata stimulates glandular functions and help letting down naturally
To Increase the semen quality in males
To improve the reproductive performance in females (Fertility & Conception Rate)
To manage the repeat breeding & anoestrous conditions.
Nicosia International is able to provide high quality veterinary supplies and feed supplements for Veterinary PCD Pharma Franchise firm for our national and international consumers thanks to extensive market research. For successful outcomes, high-quality veterinary goods are processed or made with high-quality components. We are PCD Veterinary Company in India offering services in all underserved regions of all states.
We are a major and well-known Veterinary Third-Party Manufacturers from Ludhiana, Punjab. It is a private proprietorship that manufactures and distributes veterinary supplements. We are able to deliver optimum client satisfaction due to our high efficiency and many other factors. Our excellent leadership has catapulted us to significant positions in this highly competitive market, and we are a multi-product, multi-faceted corporation that caters to a wide range of customers.
Nicosia International is able to provide high quality veterinary supplies and feed supplements for Veterinary PCD Pharma Franchise firm for our national and international consumers thanks to extensive market research. For successful outcomes, high-quality veterinary goods are processed or made with high-quality components. We are PCD Veterinary Company in India offering services in all underserved regions of all states.
We are a major and well-known Veterinary Third-Party Manufacturers from Ludhiana, Punjab. It is a private proprietorship that manufactures and distributes veterinary supplements. We are able to deliver optimum client satisfaction due to our high efficiency and many other factors. Our excellent leadership has catapulted us to significant positions in this highly competitive market, and we are a multi-product, multi-faceted corporation that caters to a wide range of customers.