Bohra Industries Ltd. Umarda, Udaipur, Rajasthan

TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) represented as 0-46-0, is normally applied where plants are grown in soils with low or average levels of phosphorus. Its importance can be measured by the fact that in absence or it, the root development is weak, growth is stunted, productivity drops, the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn purple and in plants like tobacco and cotton, the leaves turn an abnormal color of dark green; potato tubers develop brown spots etc.   Because it is a fertilizer with slightly acidic composition, its effect is limited in neutral or alkali soils. Because the phosphorus in its composition dissolved easily in water, it shows its effects rapidly. TSP is used as a base fertilizer. If it’s applied too early, the phosphorus in it combines with the lime and other elements in the soil and loses its effectiveness. If it is applied after the planting or seeding, it remains on the surface and has little effect. For these reasons, it should be applied either during or immediately after planting, seeding for maximum effect. DAP (Diammonium Phosphate), MAP (Monoammonium Phosphate) and TSP (Triple superphosphate) are the most commonly traded phosphate fertilizers. DAP is produced by combining phosphoric acid with ammonia. It contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus pentoxide. TSP is made by reacting wet-process phosphoric acid with phosphate rock. Typically it contains 46% P2O5. TSP is produced in granular and non-granular form and is used both in fertilizer blends (with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers) and by itself. TSP production amounts to around 5m. tonnes a year, of which around 4m. tonnes are traded internationally. It is produced in very few countries. The largest producers and exporters are Chinese, Tunisian, Moroccan, Israeli, Bulgarian and Egyptian companies. The main consuming countries are Brazil, Bangladesh, Iran the US and northwest Europe. But with the increase in international prices of DAP, its anticipated that the consumption of TSP will increase manifold and it will emerge as a very economical substitute of DAP.

Single Super Phosphate (SSP) Fertilizer industry is the pioneering fertilizer industry in the country and the first SSP plant is said to have been established by EID Parry in the year 1906. Manufacturing of SSP is based on perhaps the simplest chemical reaction amongst chemical fertilizer industry. The main raw materials required are rock phosphate and sulphuric acid. SSP is a straight phosphatic multi-nutrient fertilizer which contains 14.5% water soluble P2O5, 12% sulphur, 21% calcium and some other essential micro nutrients in small proportions. SSP, which is a poor farmer's fertilizer (price-wise), is an option to optimise the use of phosphatic fertilizers. It also helps to treat sulphur deficiency in soils (40% Indian soil is sulphur deficient) as well for further enhancement of yields at the least cost. In various crops, which require more of sulphur and phosphate like oilseeds, pulses, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables, tea etc, SSP is an essential fertilizer. Fertilizer are broadly classified into three primary nutrients – N P K N for Nitrogen {promotes leaf growth and forms proteins and chlorophyll} P for Phosphorous {contributes to root, flower and fruit development} K for Potassium {contributes to stem and root growth and the synthesis of proteins. In brief, we can say Nitrogen promotes top growth Phosphorus promotes good roots Potassium benefits the whole plant Advantages of SSP Fertilizer: Provides 15% of total phosphate requirement of the country. Lowest price per kg, preferred by small and marginal farmers. Multi-nutrient fertilizer containing P2O5 as primary nutrient and Sulphur and Calcium as secondary nutrients. It is the cheapest source of Sulphur for the soil. Only phosphatic fertilizer which can utilize Indian rock phosphate deposits. Least foreign exchange per unit of P2O5. Utilizes acid effluent from other chemical industry and thus reduces nation's cost of effluent disposal. Product Specifications Presently, the products manufactured at our Umarda plant are as following:    

Industry Structure and Developments Granualated Single Super Phosphate (GSSP) Fertilizer industry is the pioneering fertilizer industry in the country and the first GSSP plant is said to have been established by EID Parry in the year 1906. Manufacturing of GSSP is based on perhaps the simplest chemical reaction amongst chemical fertilizer industry. The main raw materials required are rock phosphate and sulphuric acid. GSSP is a straight phosphatic multi-nutrient fertilizer which contains 14.5% water soluble P2O5, 12% sulphur, 21% calcium and some other essential micro nutrients in small proportions. GSSP, which is a poor farmer's fertilizer (price-wise), is an option to optimise the use of phosphatic fertilizers. It also helps to treat sulphur deficiency in soils (40% Indian soil is sulphur deficient) as well for further enhancement of yields at the least cost. In various crops, which require more of sulphur and phosphate like oilseeds, pulses, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables, tea etc, GSSP is an essential fertilizer. Advantages of GSSP Fertilizer N for Nitrogen {promotes leaf growth and forms proteins and chlorophyll} P for Phosphorous {contributes to root, flower and fruit development} K for Potassium {contributes to stem and root growth and the synthesis of proteins. In brief, we can say Nitrogen promotes top growth Phosphorus promotes good roots Potassium benefits the whole plant Product Specifications Presently, the products manufactured at our Umarda plant is GSSP: