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Objective: Determination of dielectric constant of PZT material with Temperature variation and thus determining Curie Temperature.Theory: Ferro-electricity usually disappears above a certain temperature called the transition (or Curie) temperature. Knowledge of the Curie temperature and the variation of the dielectric constant below and above the Curie temperature are of interest to the physicists and the engineers.In this experiment an LC circuit is used to determine the capacitance of the dielectric cell and hence the dielectric constant. The circuit details are shown below:   The dielectric cell DC is placed in PID controlled hot air furnace. The temperature of the furnace can be measured by inserting a thermocouple in a hole (provided on one of the Teflon discs), so that it touches one of the capacitor (metal) plates. The audio oscillator is incorporated inside the instrument. If CSC and CDC represent the capacitances of the standard capacitor and dielectric cell respectively and if VC1 and VC are the voltages across SC and DC then By measuring VSC & VDC and using the value of CSC we can determine the capacitance of the dielectric cell containing the sample.If C0 represents the capacitance of the dielectric cell without the crystal and the plates separated by air gap whose thickness is the same as the thickness of the crystal then C0 is given by where r represents the radius of the crystal and d represents its thickness The dielectric constant of the crystal at any given temp. is given by   The Setup facilitates determination of dielectric constant of PZT sample at different temperature. Dielectric Constant increases as temperature increases, and near Curie temperature, it shows a steep increase and reaches a peak at Curie Temperature.

The ENKAY Electrical Temperature Control System utilizes state-ofthe-art ENKAY software to accurately control temperature. This is achieved using advanced closed loop control, which provides a very accurate, complete and economical cooling and heating system. A digital cascade pulsating algorithm is used to minimize temperature overshoots and precise temperature control. Measurements from temperature probes are used in monitoring and controlling the system temperature. The use of base and cell heaters helps minimize temperature gradients within the cell, also affecting the test specimen. The system has a built-in circulating pump that provides even fluid distribution through the test system in order to efficiently achieve the set point temperature. Optional accessories are available in order to achieve -30oC. The temperature controller is integrated with the ENKAY software package for the automatic recording and control of test temperatures.-15oC to +100oC adjustable temperature range (-30oC optional) ± 0.5% temperature stability Self-contained flow system Built-in refrigeration system replaces liquid nitrogen for low temperature settings Cartridge heaters for elevated temperature application Two thermocouples with signal conditioning Digital temperature control.Product Code : EK.TCS

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